Okwangoku, kukho iinkqubo ezininzi zokuvelisa izinto ezidibeneyo, ezinokuthi zisetyenziswe kwimveliso kunye nokuveliswa kwezakhiwo ezahlukeneyo.Nangona kunjalo, ngokuqwalasela ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso kunye neendleko zemveliso yoshishino lweenqwelomoya, ngakumbi iinqwelomoya zasekuhlaleni, kungxamisekile ukuphucula inkqubo yokunyanga ukunciphisa ixesha kunye neendleko.I-Rapid Prototyping yindlela entsha yokuvelisa esekwe kwimigaqo yokwenziwa kwediscrete kunye nokupakishwa, obubuchwephesha obukhawulezayo obubiza ixabiso eliphantsi.Itekhnoloji eqhelekileyo ibandakanya ukunyanzeliswa kokubumba, ukwenza ulwelo, kunye nokwenza izinto ezidibeneyo ze-thermoplastic.
1. Umngundo ucinezela iteknoloji yeprototyping ekhawulezayo
Itekhnoloji ye-prototyping ekhawulezayo yokubumba yinkqubo ebeka izikhenkce ezibekwe ngaphambili kwi-mold mold, kwaye emva kokuba i-mold ivaliwe, izikhewu ziyadityaniswa kwaye ziqiniswe ngokufudumeza kunye noxinzelelo.Isantya sokubumba sikhawuleza, ubungakanani bemveliso buchanekile, kwaye umgangatho wokubumba uzinzile kwaye ufana.Idityaniswe netekhnoloji ye-automation, inokufikelela kwimveliso yobuninzi, i-automation, kunye nexabiso eliphantsi lokwenziwa kwezinto ezidityanisiweyo zekhabhoni zefiber kwintsimi yenqwelomoya.
Amanyathelo okubumba:
① Fumana i-mold yentsimbi ephezulu ehambelana nemilinganiselo yamalungu afunekayo kwimveliso, uze ufake i-mold kwi-press kwaye uyifudumeze.
② Yenza kwangaphambili izinto ezifunekayo ezidibeneyo kwimilo yokubumba.Ukulungisa kwangaphambili linyathelo elibalulekileyo elinceda ukuphucula ukusebenza kwamalungu agqityiweyo.
③ Faka iindawo ezenziwe kwangaphambili kubumba olushushu.Emva koko ucinezele i-mold kuxinzelelo oluphezulu kakhulu, ngokuqhelekileyo ukusuka kwi-800psi ukuya kwi-2000psi (kuxhomekeke kubukhulu becala kunye nohlobo lwezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo).
④ Emva kokukhulula uxinzelelo, susa inxalenye kwi-mold kwaye ususe nayiphi na i-burrs.
Izinto eziluncedo zokubumba:
Ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo, ukubumba kubuchwephesha obuthandwayo.Inxalenye yesizathu sokuba idume kungenxa yokuba isebenzisa izixhobo ezidityanisiweyo eziphambili.Xa kuthelekiswa namalungu esinyithi, ezi zixhobo zihlala zinamandla, zikhaphukhaphu, kwaye ziyakwazi ukumelana nokugqwala, okukhokelela kwizinto ezinomatshini ongcono.
Enye inzuzo yokubumba kukukwazi ukwenza iindawo ezinzima kakhulu.Nangona obu buchwepheshe bungenakufikelela ngokupheleleyo kwisantya semveliso sokubumba inaliti yeplastiki, ibonelela ngeemilo zejometri xa kuthelekiswa nemathiriyeli eqhelekileyo edityanisiweyo.Xa kuthelekiswa nokubumba inaliti yeplastiki, ikwavumela iintsinga ezinde, okwenza izinto zomelele.Ke ngoko, ukubumba kunokubonwa njengomhlaba ophakathi phakathi kokubumba inaliti yeplastiki kunye nokuveliswa kwemathiriyeli edibeneyo.
1.1 Inkqubo yokuqulunqa ii-SMC
I-SMC sisishunqulelo seshiti lesinyithi esenza imathiriyeli edibeneyo, oko kukuthi, iphepha lesinyithi libumba izinto ezidibeneyo.Ezona zixhobo ziphambili zenziwa ngomsonto okhethekileyo we-SMC, i-resin engaxutywanga, izongezo ezinciphayo ezisezantsi, izihluzi, kunye nezongezo ezahlukeneyo.Ekuqaleni kweminyaka yee-1960, yaqala ukuvela eYurophu.Malunga nowe-1965, iUnited States neJapan ziye zaphuhlisa le teknoloji ngokulandelelanayo.Ekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1980, i-China yazisa imigca yemveliso ye-SMC ephezulu kunye neenkqubo ezivela phesheya.I-SMC ineenzuzo ezinjengokusebenza kombane okugqwesileyo, ukumelana nokubola, ubunzima obulula, kunye noyilo lobunjineli olulula noluguquguqukayo.Iimpawu zayo zomatshini zinokuthelekiswa nezinto ezithile zetsimbi, ngoko ke isetyenziswa kakhulu kumashishini afana nokuthuthwa, ukwakhiwa, i-electronics, kunye nobunjineli bombane.
1.2 Inkqubo yokuqulunqa i-BMC
Ngo-1961, i-resin sheet molding compound (SMC) ephuhliswe yi-Bayer AG eJamani yasungulwa.Ngeminyaka yoo-1960, iBulk Molding Compound (BMC) yaqala ukunyuswa, ekwabizwa ngokuba yiDMC (Dough Molding Compound) eYurophu, eyayingazange ijiye kumanqanaba ayo okuqala (1950s);Ngokwenkcazo yaseMelika, i-BMC yi-BMC ejiyileyo.Emva kokwamkela iteknoloji yaseYurophu, iJapan yenze impumelelo ebalulekileyo ekusetyenzisweni nasekuphuhliseni i-BMC, kwaye ngo-1980, iteknoloji yayikhulile kakhulu.Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, i-matrix esetyenziswe kwi-BMC iye yafakwa i-polyester resin.
I-BMC yeyeeplastiki ze-thermosetting.Ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu zezinto eziphathekayo, ubushushu bombhobho wezinto eziphathekayo zomatshini wokubumba umjovo akufanele ube phezulu kakhulu ukwenzela ukuba kube lula ukuhamba kwezinto.Ke ngoko, kwinkqubo yokubumba inaliti ye-BMC, ukulawula ubushushu bomgqomo wezinto ezibonakalayo kubaluleke kakhulu, kwaye inkqubo yolawulo kufuneka ibekhona ukuqinisekisa ukufaneleka kweqondo lobushushu, ukuze kuphunyezwe ubushushu obuphezulu ukusuka kwicandelo lokutyisa ukuya kwindawo yokutya. umlomo.
1.3 I-Polycyclopentadiene (PDCPD) yokubumba
Ukubumba iPolycyclopentadiene (PDCPD) ubukhulu becala yimatrix ecocekileyo kuneplastiki eqinisiweyo.Umgaqo wenkqubo yokubumba i-PDCPD, owavela ngo-1984, ungowodidi olufanayo nokubumba i-polyurethane (PU), kwaye yaphuhliswa okokuqala yi-United States ne-Japan.
I-Telene, i-subsidiary yenkampani yaseJapan i-Zeon Corporation (ehlala eBondues, eFransi), iphumelele impumelelo enkulu kuphando kunye nophuhliso lwePDCPD kunye nemisebenzi yayo yorhwebo.
Inkqubo yokubumba i-RIM ngokwayo kulula ukuzenzekelayo kwaye ineendleko eziphantsi zabasebenzi xa kuthelekiswa neenkqubo ezifana nokutshiza kwe-FRP, i-RTM, okanye i-SMC.Ixabiso lokungunda elisetyenziswa yi-PDCPD RIM lingaphantsi kakhulu kunelo le-SMC.Ngokomzekelo, i-mold hood ye-injini ye-Kenworth W900L isebenzisa igobolondo le-nickel kunye ne-aluminium core, kunye ne-resin ephantsi yoxinaniso kunye nobunzima obuthile be-1.03 kuphela, enganciphisi nje iindleko kodwa inciphisa ubunzima.
1.4 Ukwenziwa ngokuthe ngqo kwi-Intanethi yeFayibha eQiniswa neZincedisi eziDityanisiweyo zeThermoplastic (LFT-D)
Malunga ne-1990, i-LFT (i-Long Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastics Direct) yaziswa kwimarike eYurophu naseMelika.Inkampani ye-CPI e-United States yinkampani yokuqala yehlabathi ukuphuhlisa ngokuthe ngqo kumgca we-fiber ende eqiniswe kwisixhobo sokubumba se-thermoplastic kunye nobuchwepheshe obuhambelanayo (LFT-D, Direct In Line Mixing).Yangena ekusebenzeni kwezorhwebo ngo-1991 kwaye iyinkokeli yehlabathi kulo mmandla.I-Diffenbarcher, inkampani yaseJamani, iphanda iteknoloji ye-LFT-D ukususela ngo-1989. Okwangoku, kukho i-LFT D, i-Tailored LFT (enokufezekisa ukuqiniswa kwendawo ngokusekelwe kuxinzelelo lwesakhiwo), kunye ne-Advanced Surface LFT-D (ubuso obubonakalayo, indawo ephakamileyo. umgangatho) ubugcisa.Ukususela kumbono womgca wemveliso, inqanaba lokushicilela kwe-Diffenbarcher liphezulu kakhulu.Inkqubo ye-D-LFT ye-extrusion yenkampani ye-German Coperation ikwindawo ephambili kumazwe ngamazwe.
1.5 ITekhnoloji yokwenziwa kweMouldless Casting (PCM)
I-PCM (iPattern less Casting Manufacturing) iphuhliswe yi-Laser Rapid Prototyping Centre yeYunivesithi yaseTsinghua.Itekhnoloji yeprototyping ekhawulezayo kufuneka isetyenziswe kwiinkqubo zemveli zokugalela isanti.Okokuqala, fumana imodeli yeCAD yokusa kwinxalenye yemodeli yeCAD.Ifayile ye-STL yemodeli ye-CAD yokuphosa ifakwe ukuze ifumane ulwazi lweprofayili yecandelo elinqamlezayo, elisetyenziselwa ukuvelisa ulwazi lolawulo.Ngexesha lenkqubo yokubumba, i-nozzle yokuqala itshiza ngokuchanekileyo i-adhesive kumaleko esanti nganye ngolawulo lwekhompyuter, ngelixa i-nozzle yesibini itshiza i-catalyst ngendlela efanayo.Aba babini badibana ne-bonding reaction, ukuqinisa umaleko wesanti ngomaleko kunye nokwenza imfumba.Isanti kwindawo apho i-adhesive kunye ne-catalyst isebenza kunye iqiniswe kunye, ngelixa isanti ekweminye imimandla ihlala kwi-granular state.Emva kokunyanga uluhlu olulodwa, uluhlu olulandelayo luboshwe, kwaye emva kokuba zonke iileyile ziboshwe, iqumrhu lendawo lifunyenwe.Intlabathi yokuqala iseyintlabathi eyomileyo kwiindawo apho i-adhesive ayitshizwanga, okwenza kube lula ukuyisusa.Ngokucoca isanti eyomileyo engapheliyo embindini, i-mold yokuphosa enobunzima obuthile bodonga inokufumaneka.Emva kokufaka okanye ukufaka ipeyinti kwindawo yangaphakathi yesikhunta sesanti, ingasetyenziselwa ukugalela isinyithi.
Iqondo lobushushu lokunyanga lenkqubo yePCM lihlala lijikeleze i-170 ℃.Ukubekwa okubandayo kunye nokuqhaqha okubandayo okusetyenziswe kwinkqubo ye-PCM kuyahluke ekubumbeni.Ukubekwa okubandayo kunye nokuhluthwa okubandayo kubandakanya ngokuthe ngcembe ukubeka i-prepreg kwi-mold ngokweemfuno zesakhiwo semveliso xa umngundo usekupheleni okubandayo, kwaye emva koko uvale i-mold kunye ne-pressing press emva kokuba ukubekwa kugqityiwe ukubonelela ngoxinzelelo oluthile.Ngeli xesha, isikhunta sifudunyezwa kusetyenziswa umatshini wokushisa wokubumba, Inkqubo eqhelekileyo kukunyusa ubushushu ukusuka kwiqondo lokushisa ukuya kwi-170 ℃, kwaye izinga lokushisa kufuneka lihlengahlengiswe ngokweemveliso ezahlukeneyo.Uninzi lwazo lwenziwe ngale plastiki.Xa iqondo lokushisa lokubumba lifikelela kwiqondo lokushisa elimiselweyo, ukugquma kunye nokugcinwa koxinzelelo kuqhutyelwa ukunyanga imveliso kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu.Emva kokuba ukunyanga kugqityiwe, kuyafuneka ukuba usebenzise umatshini wokushisa wokubumba ukupholisa ubushushu be-mold kwiqondo lokushisa eliqhelekileyo, kwaye izinga lokufudumala liphinde libekwe kwi-3-5 ℃ / min, Emva koko uqhubeke nokuvula isikhunta kunye nenxalenye yokukhutshwa.
2. Iteknoloji yokwenza ulwelo
Itekhnoloji yokwenziwa kolwelo (LCM) ibhekisa kuthotho lwezinto ezidityanisiweyo zokwenza itekhnoloji ethi ibeke kuqala ifayibha eyomileyo kumngxunya ovaliweyo, emva koko itofe intlaka engamanzi kumgodi wokungunda emva kokuvalwa kokungunda.Ngaphantsi koxinzelelo, i-resin ihamba kwaye ifake imicu.Xa kuthelekiswa nenkqubo yokwenziwa kwetoti yokucofa, i-LCM ineenzuzo ezininzi, ezinjengokufaneleka kumacandelo okuvelisa ngokuchaneka komgangatho ophezulu kunye nenkangeleko enzima;Iindleko eziphantsi zokuvelisa kunye nokusebenza okulula.
Ngokukodwa inkqubo ye-RTM ephezulu yoxinzelelo oluphuhliswe kwiminyaka yamuva, i-HP-RTM (i-High Pressure Resin Transfer Molding), ifinyeziwe njengenkqubo yokubumba i-HP-RTM.Ibhekisa kwinkqubo yokubumba yokusebenzisa uxinzelelo oluphezulu lokuxuba kunye nokutofa i-resin kwi-vacuum etywiniweyo yokubumba ebekwe ngaphambili kunye nezinto eziqiniswe ngefiber kunye nezinto ezifakwe ngaphambili, kwaye emva koko ufumane iimveliso zemathiriyeli edibeneyo ngokuzaliswa kwe-resin, ukufakwa, ukunyanga, kunye nokudiliza. .Ngokunciphisa ixesha lokutofa, kulindeleke ukuba lilawule ixesha lokwenziwa kwezixhobo zesakhiwo sokuhamba ngenqwelomoya ngaphakathi kwamashumi emizuzu, ukufikelela kumxholo wefayibha ephezulu kunye nokuveliswa kwamalungu asebenza kakhulu.
Inkqubo yokwenza i-HP-RTM yenye yezinto ezidibeneyo zokwenza iinkqubo ezisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kumashishini amaninzi.Iinzuzo zayo zixhomekeke ekufezekiseni ixabiso eliphantsi, umjikelezo omfutshane, ukuveliswa kobuninzi, kunye nokuveliswa kwekhwalithi ephezulu (enomgangatho ophezulu wendawo) xa kuthelekiswa neenkqubo ze-RTM zendabuko.Isetyenziswa kakhulu kumashishini ahlukeneyo afana nokuvelisa iimoto, ukwakhiwa kweenqanawa, ukwenziwa kweenqwelomoya, oomatshini bezolimo, uthutho lukaloliwe, ukuvelisa amandla omoya, iimpahla zemidlalo, njl.
3. I-Thermoplastic composite iteknoloji yokwenza izinto
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, imathiriyeli edibeneyo ye-thermoplastic iye yaba yindawo ephambili yophando kwinkalo yokwenziwa kwezinto ezihlanganisiweyo zombini ngaphakathi nangaphandle, ngenxa yeenzuzo zabo zokuchasa impembelelo ephezulu, ukuqina okuphezulu, ukunyamezela umonakalo omkhulu, kunye nokuxhathisa okulungileyo kobushushu.I-Welding ngezixhobo ezidibeneyo ze-thermoplastic inokunciphisa kakhulu inani le-rivet kunye ne-bolt yokudibanisa kwizakhiwo zeenqwelomoya, ukuphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zemveliso.Ngokutsho kwe-Airframe Collins Aerospace, umboneleli wodidi lokuqala lwezakhiwo zenqwelomoya, ukungacinezeli kushushu kunokwakheka izakhiwo ezidityanisiweyo ze-thermoplastic ezikwaziyo ukwenza mfutshane umjikelo wokuvelisa nge-80% xa kuthelekiswa nentsimbi kunye nezixhobo ezihlanganisiweyo ze-thermosetting.
Ukusetyenziswa kweyona mali ifanelekileyo yemathiriyeli, ukhetho lweyona nkqubo inoqoqosho kakhulu, ukusetyenziswa kweemveliso kwiindawo ezifanelekileyo, ukufezekiswa kweenjongo zoyilo oluqingqwe kwangaphambili, kunye nempumelelo yomlinganiselo weendleko zokusebenza kweemveliso bezisoloko zisisikhokelo. iinzame zabasebenzi bezinto ezidibeneyo.Ndiyakholelwa ukuba iinkqubo ezininzi zokubumba ziya kuphuhliswa kwixesha elizayo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zoyilo lwemveliso.
Ixesha lokuposa: Nov-21-2023
